Why New Lightbulbs Will Make White T-Shirts Look Bad
LEDs spell the end of a time-honored laundry detergent trick. LED lightbulbs are incredibly energy efficient , but they could do a number on your crisp white button-downs: According to a new study led by Kevin Houser , a professor of architectural engineering at Penn State University, the most common type of LED lightbulb renders clothing brightenersthe chemicals in detergents that claim to make your whites whiteruseless. Unlike bleaches, those detergents dont actually change the fabrics color: but they make it look whiter, at least under the lights were used to. Optical brighteners are used to make white clothes (and other things, including printer paper and blond highlights) appear whiter. These fluorescent whitening agents produce a subtle blue glow under most sources of light, counteracting dingy yellow tones and creating a perception of brightness. They have been engineered over decades to work well under sunlight, fluorescent light, and incandescent light. But if you are one of the many people making the switch to blue-pumped LEDs, your life (or at least your laundry) might get a little bit dingier. The whiteners only glow under violet and ultraviolet light, which the most common type of LED bulbthe blue-pumped LEDlacks. The study compared test subjects perception of different levels of fluorescence on white backgrounds (with progressively more optical brighteners) under several lighting conditions . A halogen lamp was used, along with a typical blue-pumped LED bulb and three violet-pumped LEDs . Sure enough, participants saw the more fluorescent objects as whiter with each increase in violet light emission . And when they tried to sort the objects by perceived whiteness under the light of a blue-pumped LED, they seemed to guess randomly. The market for LEDs is expected to increase rapidly in the coming years: A recent projection by the consulting group McKinsey & Company estimated that dropping costs and an increase in bans on incandescent bulbs mean that LEDs will make up 45 percent of the global general lighting market by 2016, and 69 percent of the market in 2020 . For those moving from incandescent light to a more energy-efficient source, many prefer LEDs to fluorescents. And indeed, research has established that colors are still distinguishable and pleasing to the eye under blue-pumped LEDs, the researchers said. But in a home or business lit with LEDs, you might not see the sparkling white products youve grown used toranging from paper documents to platinum blond hair to tablecloths. Thats because of a mismatch between the way fluorescent whitening agents were engineered and this new form of lighting. The researchers offer a solution to this mismatch: If companies producing lightbulbs focus on putting violet light into household LEDs, they suggest, we might end up feeling a lot better about our freshly-laundered gym socks.