Why are we still debating climate change?
97% of scientists say humans are causing climate changeCarol Costello: Why pretend that there's still a debate going on?Politicians, conservative organizations seek to foster denial of the reality, she saysCostello: Lack of trust in scientists is one reason the phony controversy continues There is no debate. Climate change is real. And, yes, we are, in part, to blame. There is a 97% consensus among scientific experts that humans are causing global warming. Ninety-seven percent! Yet some very vocal Americans continue to debate what is surely fact. The question is, why? Trust certainly plays a part. According to Gordon Gauchat, an associate professor of sociology from the University of Wisconsin, just 42% of adults in the U.S. have a great deal of confidence (PDF) in the scientific community. Its easy to understand why. Most Americans cant even name a living scientist. I suspect the closest many Americans get to a living, breathing scientist is the fictional Dr. Sheldon Cooper from CBSs sitcom The Big Bang Theory. Sheldon is brilliant, condescending and narcissistic. Whose trust would he inspire? But trust isnt the only factor in why many Americans doubt climate change. I asked Anthony Leiserowitz, the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication. His group has been studying the why question for more than a decade. Weve found there are six very (specific) categories that respond to this issue in different ways, he said. He calls these categories Global Warmings Six Americas. Opinion: Obamas efforts on climate may not be enough The first group, The Alarmed, is made up 16% of the public. They believe climate change is an urgent problem but have no clear idea of how to fix it. The second group (27%) is The Concerned. They believe climate change is a problem but think its more about polar bears and tiny islands than a problem that directly affects them. The third group, The Cautious (23%), are people on the fence. They havent made up their minds whether global warming is real or if its a man-made problem. The fourth group, The Disengaged (5%), doesnt know anything about climate change. The fifth group, The Doubtful (12%), do not think climate change is man-made. They think its natural and poses no long-term risk. Leiserowitz says its the sixth group, The Dismissives, that is the most problematic, even though it comprises just 15% of the public. They say its a hoax, scientists are making up data, its a U.N. conspiracy (or) Al Gore and his friends want to get rich. Leiserowitz goes on to say, Its a really loud 15%. ... (Its a) pretty well-organized 15%. And thanks to the media and the political stage, that vocal minority is mighty. Former presidential candidate Rick Santorum told Glenn Beck on Fox News in 2011, There is no such thing as global warming. Santorum went on to tell Rush Limbaugh, Its just an excuse for more government control of your life, and Ive never been for any scheme or even accepted the junk science behind the whole narrative. And just last week, tea party favorite Sen. Ted Cruz told CNNs Dana Bash, Climate change, as they have defined it, can never be disproved, because whether it gets hotter or whether it gets colder, whatever happens, theyll say, well, its changing, so it proves our theory. Meanwhile, the climate change counter movement has been helped along by an infusion of cash from, among others, some in the powerful fossil fuel industry. A recent study by Drexel University found that conservative foundations and others have bankrolled climate denial to the tune of $558 million between 2003 and 2010. Money amplifies certain voices above others and, in effect, gives them a megaphone in the public square. Powerful funders are supporting the campaign to deny scientific findings about global warming and raise public doubts about the roots and remedies of this massive global threat, writes environmental scientist Robert J. Brulle, the studys author. The good news is, those uninformed minority voices are being quieted by nature and by those who have powerful voices. Extreme weather is forcing people to at least think about how global warming affects them directly. And, perhaps more important, many religious leaders, including evangelicals, are now green. They concur with the scientific community and take it a step farther. They say we have a moral obligation to save the planet. Even the enormously popular Pope Francis may soon speak out on global warming. The Vatican press office says Francis is working on draft text on ecology. That text could turn into an encyclical, or a letter to bishops around the world, instructing that the faithful must respect the environment. Follow us on Twitter @CNNOpinion. Join us on Facebook/CNNOpinion.